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The Mongol invasions of Vietnam or Mongol-Vietnamese War refer to the three times that the Mongol Empire and its chief khanate the Yuan dynasty invaded Đại Việt (an old name for Vietnam) during the time of the Trần dynasty, along with Champa: in 1258, 1285, and 1287–88.<br/><br/> Although the invasions resulted in disastrous military defeats for the Mongols, both the Trần dynasty and Champa decided to accept the nominal supremacy of the Yuan dynasty in order to avoid further conflicts.
The Citadel of Hanoi was the former residence of Vietnamese monarchs dating back to the 'Dai Viet'—the period of great Vietnamese dynasties when the city was known as Thang Long.<br/><br/> The citadel was constructed by the Ly Dynasty in 1010 CE and remained the seat of the Vietnamese court until 1810, when Hue became the capital city. The royal palaces and other various structures were largely destroyed by the colonial French in the late 19th century.<br/><br/> During the Vietnam War (American War), the North Vietnamese military command under General Giap had its headquarters in the citadel in a building known as D67. An underground tunnel enabled the military to flee in case of a raid.<br/><br/> Construction work for the National Assembly building in 2003 uncovered large remains of the citadel dating back to Thang Long, some of which are now exhibited in the Vietnamese History Museum. In 2010, the citadel was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List as 'The Central Sector of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long—Hanoi'.
Ngo Si Lien was a historian of the Vietnamese Le Dynasty. He is best-known for being the principal compiler of the Dai Viet su ky toan thu, a comprehensive chronicle of the history of Vietnam and the oldest official historical record of a Vietnamese dynasty that remains today. In his 'Complete Historical Record of Dai Viet', Ngo Si Lien is appreciated not only for the precision of his records but also for the innovative method of compilation, he was the first Vietnamese writer who extracted information for historical book from collections of myths and legends. Down to the present day, Ngo Si Lien is considered one of the most important figures in the the historiography of Vietnam.